Preamble 8
In the name of Almighty God!
The People of Nation-State of Agaiazian are Conscious and dedicated towards creating, developing, and maintaining a strong alliance with all nations.
To strengthen liberty, democracy, independence, and peace in a spirit of solidarity and openness towards the world Determined to live together in harmony, justice and with a respect for equality,
Our people are Conscious of their common achievements and understand their duty to take responsibility for future generations,
Knowing that only those remain free who use their freedom, and the strength of a community is measured by the wellbeing of its weakest members.
We the people agree to the Constitution that follows:
General Provisions
CHAPTER TWO 2
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS, CIVIL RIGHTS AND SOCIAL GOALS
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
HUMAN DIGNITY
Human dignity shall be respected and protected by national law.
EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW
ALL HUMAN BEINGS ARE EQUAL BEFORE THE LAW.
Nobody shall suffer discrimination, particularly on grounds of origin, race, sex, age, language, social position, lifestyle, religious, philosophical or political convictions, or because of a corporal or mental disability.
Men and women have equal rights. Legislation shall ensure equality in law and in practice, particularly in family, education, and work. Men and women shall have the right to equal pay for work of equal value.
Legislation of building, infrastructural standards and all laws must provide for measures to eliminate disadvantages affecting disabled people.
PROTECTION AGAINST ARBITRARINESS AND PRINCIPLE OF GOOD FAITH
Every person has the right to be treated by state organs without arbitrariness and in good faith.
RIGHT TO LIVE AND PERSONAL FREEDOM
Every person has the right to live.
Every person has the right to personal liberty, particularly to corporal and mental integrity, and to freedom of movement.
Torture, and any other cruel, inhumane, or degrading treatment or punishment are prohibited.
Death penalty is prohibited.
RIGHT TO PRIVACY
1. All persons have the right to receive respect for their private and family life, home, and secrecy of personal correspondence including mail, emails and telecommunications.
2. All persons have the right to be protected against the abuse of personal data.
3. The right of the people to be secure in their private property including their homes personal information/data against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
RIGHT TO MARRIAGE AND FAMILY
The right to marry and to have a family is guaranteed.
FREEDOM OF RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY
The freedom of religion and philosophy is guaranteed.
All persons have the right to choose their religion or philosophical convictions freely, and to practice them alone or in community with others without interference by the State.
All persons have the right to join or to belong to a religious community, and to follow religious teachings of their choosing.
No person shall be forced to join or belong to a religious community, to participate in a religious act, or to follow religious teachings,
No religious group shall be funded by foreign institutions and serve to advance foreign values and cultures.
FREEDOM OF OPINION AND INFORMATION
1. Freedom of opinion and information is guaranteed.
2. All persons have the right to form, express, and disseminate their opinions freely.
3. All persons have the right to receive information freely, to gather it from generally accessible sources, and to disseminate it.
MEDIA FREEDOM
1. The freedom of the press, radio and television, and of other forms of public telecasting of productions and information is guaranteed.
2. Censorship is not allowed.
3. Media institutions will have editorial independence.
4. Only citizens can be owners of local, regional and national media institutions.
5. Cultural and literary institutions are exempt from taxes of any kind.
6. No company or individual can own more than a 2% share of any media company.
7. Printing, broadcasting, and promoting pornography is illegal.
8. Promoting violence against any individuals or social group is illegal.
9. The national government should set up a budget for investigative journalism.
RIGHT TO PRIMARY EDUCATION
Local governments have duty to provide sufficient and primary and secondary education free of cost is guaranteed.
FREEDOM OF SCIENCE
The freedom of scientific research and teaching is guaranteed.
FREEDOM OF ART
The freedom of art is guaranteed.
FREEDOM OF DOMICILE
Agaiazian citizens have the right to establish their domicile anywhere within the country.
Every Local government have right to grant or reject transfer request or citizenship request based on their local and National constitution.
Citizens of Agaiazian have the right to leave or to return to Agaiazian state.
RIGHT TO PROPERTY
The right to property is guaranteed.
Expropriation and restrictions of ownership equivalent to expropriation shall be fully compensated.
ECONOMIC FREEDOM
Economic freedom is guaranteed.
The freedom to choose one’s profession, and to enjoy free access to and free exercise of private economic activity.
GENERAL PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES
Every person has the right in legal or administrative proceedings to have the case treated equally and fairly and judged within a reasonable time.
All parties have the right to be heard.
Every person lacking the necessary means has the right to free legal assistance from his local government.
GUARANTEE OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Every person has the right to have legal disputes judged by a judicial authority. The National, Regional and Local judiciary authority may in exceptional cases exclude judicial proceedings.
JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS
Every person whose case must be judged in judicial proceedings has the right to have this done by a court that is established by law, has jurisdiction, and is independent and impartial. Exceptional tribunals are prohibited.
A person against whom a civil action is brought has the right to have the case heard before the court at the person’s domicile. Legislation may provide for another jurisdiction.
The court hearing shall be public, and the judgment shall be publicly proclaimed. Legislation may provide for exceptions.
HABEAS CORPUS
No person may be deprived of liberty except in the cases and in the forms provided by statute.
All persons deprived of their liberty have the right to be informed immediately, and in a language that they understand, of the reasons for their detention, and of their rights. They must have the opportunity to assert their rights. In particular, they have the right to have their close relatives informed.
Every person taken into preventive detention has the right to be brought before a judge without delay; the judge shall decide whether the person shall remain in detention or shall be released. Every person in preventive detention has the right to be judged within a reasonable time.
All persons who are deprived of their liberty without a trial have the right to bring their cases before the court at any time. The court shall decide as soon as possible whether the detention is legal.
CRIMINAL PROCEDURES
Every person shall be presumed innocent until the person is subject to a condemnation having force of law.
Every accused person has the right to be informed as soon as possible and in full detail of the accusations. The person must have the opportunity to exercise its means of defense.
Every condemned person has the right to have the judgment reviewed by a higher court. The cases where the Federal Supreme Court sits as a court of sole instance are reserved.
RIGHT OF PETITION
Every person has the right to address petitions to authorities without suffering prejudice.
The authorities must take cognizance of petitions.
POLITICAL RIGHTS
All Agaiazian citizens who are 17 years or older and are not under guardianship because of mental illness or weakness, shall have political rights in National, Regional and Local matters. All shall have the same political rights and obligations.
Voting is mandatory and may launch and sign popular initiatives and referenda in National, Regional and Local matters.
The political rights are guaranteed.
The guarantee of political rights protects the free formation of opinion by the citizens and the unaltered expression of their will.
REALIZATION OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
The fundamental rights shall be realized in the entire legal system.
Whoever exercises a function of the state must respect the fundamental rights and contribute to their realization.
The authorities shall ensure that the fundamental rights also be respected in relations among private parties whenever the analogy is applicable.
LIMITATIONS OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
Any limitation of a fundamental right requires a legal basis. Grave limitations must be expressly foreseen by statute. Cases of clear and present danger are reserved.
Any limitation of a fundamental right must be justified by public interest or serve for the protection of fundamental rights of other persons.
Limitations of fundamental rights must be proportionate to the goals pursued.
The essence of fundamental rights is inviolable.
CITIZENSHIP AND POLITICAL RIGHTS
CITIZENSHIP
Every person who has the citizenship of a local administration to which it belongs, has Agaiazian citizenship.
No person shall enjoy a privilege or suffer prejudice because of his or her citizenship. Exceptions are possible to regulate political rights in bourgeoisies and corporations, and provide for participation in their assets, unless local government legislation excludes this.
ACQUISITION AND LOSS OF CITIZENSHIP
The local government shall regulate the acquisition and the loss of citizenship through descent, marriage, and adoption. Moreover, it shall regulate the loss of Agaiazian citizenship on other grounds, and the reinstatement of citizenship.
Granting citizenship shall be about adopting and assimilating to Ge'ez/Tigrigna/ language, history, Orit Value system and traditions. Granting Agaiazian citizenship according to race is illegal.
EXERCISE OF POLITICAL RIGHTS
The National government shall regulate the exercise of political rights in national matters; the Regional and Local governments shall regulate the exercise of these rights in their jurisdiction.
The political rights shall be exercised in the region of domicile. The local government may foresee exceptions.
No person shall exercise political rights in more than one local government.
The local governments may provide that new domiciliary may exercise political rights in local government matters only once granted local citizenship.
AGAIAZIAN CITIZENS DOMICILED ABROAD
The National government shall encourage links amongst Agaiazian citizens domiciled abroad, and their links with Agaiazian. It may support organizations which pursue this goal.
It shall legislate on the rights and obligations of Agaiazian citizens domiciled abroad, in particular on the exercise of the political rights on the National level, the duty to render military or alternative service,
Local governments shall legislate system for diasporas citizens for social security, funeral, and assistance to needy persons.
SOCIAL GOALS
The National, Regional and Local governments shall strive to ensure that, in addition to personal responsibility and private initiative,
Every person shall benefit from social security.
Every person has the right to eat balanced food.
Every person has the right to healthcare.
Every person has the right to breathe clean air and live in clean areas.
The family as a community of adults and children shall be protected and encouraged.
Every person capable of working shall sustain himself or herself through working under fair and adequate conditions; Local governments shall be active in creating jobs and training their citizens.
Every person must be housed in appropriate housing under reasonable conditions if unable to find or afford accommodation for himself or herself, for his or her family.
children, young people and people of working age shall benefit from initial and continuing lifetime education according to their abilities.
children and young people shall be encouraged in their development to become independent and socially responsible persons, and they shall be supported in their social, cultural, and political integration.
The Local governments shall strive to ensure that every person shall be insured against the economic consequences of old age, disability, illness, accidents, unemployment, maternity, orphanhood, and widowhood.
They shall strive to realize the social goals within the framework of their constitutional powers and with the means available to them.
No direct subjective right to benefit by the state may be derived from the social goals.
Every person or family has the right to get a Local government paid spiritual advisor and has the right to speak to him in private in prison or hospital.
CHAPTER One 1
CHAPTER ONE
NATIONAL STATE, SOVEREIGNTY AND RULE OF LAW
THE NATION-STATE OF AGAIAZIAN/ERITREA
The Nation State of Agaiazian shall be an indivisible, Nation state of the indigenous Ge'ez/Tigrigna/Tigre people that respects the democratic and human rights of its minorities.
ROLE OF THE AGAIAZIAN STATE
The Agaiazian Nation-State shall protect the liberty and the rights of its citizens and residents and shall ensure the independence and security of the country.
It shall promote common welfare, sustainable development, inner social cohesion, and harmony.
It shall ensure equal opportunities for all citizens to the extent possible.
It shall strive to secure the long-term preservation of national cultural identity, the environment, natural resources, and to promote a just and peaceful international order.
ON SOVEREIGNTY
The language of the Nation State Eritrea shall be Ge’ez/Tigrinya/Tigre.
The national emblem shall be the blue, white and red tricolor flag with Golden Menorah.
The national anthem shall be Our hope and belief. The maxim of the Our Nation State shall be "God, Family, Hope, Sovereignty and Freedom.”
The principles of the Nation States shall be God, Family, Community, Nationalism, Rule of Law, Service, Social trust, Meritocracy, Direct democracy, Social Justice, Nature, and Free market.
REGIONAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
The Regional and Local governments are sovereign as far as their sovereignty is limited by the National Constitution; they shall exercise all rights within the boundaries of the National constitution.
REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION
Regional Administration is a city with clearly defined borders and limited sovereignty.
LOCAL ADMINISTRATION
Local Administration is a sub zone of a city with well-defined border and limited sovereignty.
RULE OF LAW
The state’s activities shall be based on and limited by the Rule of Law.
State activity must be in the public interest and proportional to the goals pursued.
State organs and private persons must act in good faith.
The National, Regional and the Local governments shall respect international law.
INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
All persons are responsible for themselves and shall make use of their abilities to contribute to achieving the goals of the state and society.
Chapter Three 3
CHAPTER THREE
NATIONAL, REGIONAL, AND LOCAL
NATIONAL PARLIAMENT
ORGANIZATION
All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Parliament of the nation state of Agaiazian, which shall consist of a Shimagle (upper House) and Biayto Lower House.
The Bayto shall be elected for Five Years Term.
No person shall be a Representative in National parliament who shall not have been served twice in Local, twice in Regional Parliament, over 25 years as civil service or served Independent cultural and political institution with no criminal record.
The Shimagle shall have 61 members and shall be composed of retired governors of Regions, retired head of Monetary policy Authority, retired head of Fiscal policy Authority, retired head of Economic Development Board, retired head of urban planning and development, retired head members of Army chief of staff, retired of heads of internal and external Intelligence institution, each two retired heads of universities, national museums, six heads of priesthood, two one from each Language groups.
Members of Shimagle will be replaced by newly retired from the organisation they come from in regular election of Bayto. If there is no retire from their organisation will continue until next election. If member of Shimagle died will be replaced by retire from the same organisation. If there is no retire from the same organisation the president can appoint a retire from another organisation until new retire come.
A majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and may be authorised to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties as each House may provide.
Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behaviour, and, with the concurrence of two thirds, expel a member.
Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question shall, at the desire of one fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.
Neither House, during the session of Parliament, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.
The Shimagle and Bayto shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Fiscal Policy Authority. They shall in all cases, except treason, crime that sentences more than one-month breach and for any speech or debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other place.
No Shimagle and Bayto shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the Nation-state Agaiaziann, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time: and no person holding any office under the Nation-state Agaiazian, shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office.
All bills for distributing revenue shall originate in Bayto; but the Shimagle may propose or concur with amendments as on other Bills.
Every bill which shall have passed the House of Bayto and the Shimagle, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President of the Agaiaziain; if he approves, he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his objections to the Bayto, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration two thirds of that Bayto shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the Shimagle, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Bayto by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.
Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Shimagle and Bayto may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the Nation-State Agaiazian; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Shimagle and Bayto, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.
The National parliament shall have power to give mandate clearly stated priority, purpose and goals for National Fiscal Board to:
to give mandate clearly stated priority, purpose and goals for National Fiscal Board in order to prepare national budget and impose taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the Nation-state of Agaiazian and approve or oppose it by vote of confidence.
regulate commerce with foreign nations.
establish a uniform rule of laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the Nation-state of Agaiazian;
declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water.
make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces.
To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the Nation-state of Agaiazian, or in any department or officer thereof.
The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it.
No bill of attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.
No money shall be drawn from the National Fiscal Board, but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time.
No title of nobility shall be granted by the Nation-state of Agaiazian: and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them, shall, without the consent of the Parliament, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state.
No Regional or Local administration shall, without the consent of the National parliament, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection laws: and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any Regional or Local administration on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the treasury of the Regional or Local administration; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the National parliament.
REGIONAL AND LOCAL ADMINISTRATIONS
Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state. And the National Parliament may by general laws prescribe the way such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof.
The citizens of each Local administration shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in Nation-state of Agaiazian.
Parliament shall setup new Regional and Local Administrations for farmers and nomads. Parliament must make sure the citizens of these new Administrations are from all Regions, and economic and educational background. Parliament makes sure Attorney General, Court system, General audit, Police forces are independent who are appointed by professional independent body and are accountable to the Regional or Local parliament they are serving. Parliament makes sure regional and local governors, and their parliamentary members are elected by direct vote of the people.
No new Administration shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other established Administrations; nor any Administration be formed by the junction of two or more Administrations, or parts of Administrations, without the consent of the legislatures of the Administrations concerned as well as of the Parliament.
The Parliament shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to The Nation-State of Agaiazian; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the Nation-State of Agaiazian, or of any Administrations.
Parliament can declare state of emergency nation at national, regional or local level at war, epidemic or national disasters.
Any Local citizen who above 27 years old, completed military or civil national service with no criminal conviction can be elected to Local office.
Any Citizen who completed military or civil national service with no criminal conviction, served two terms in Local elected office or served over 10 years as civil service or served Independent cultural and political institution can be elected to regional government elected office.
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AND NATIONAL ADMINISTRATION
ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURE
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE NATIONAL AND REGIONAL AND LOCAL ADMINISTRATIONS
The National Government shall entertain the relations between the National and the Regional and Local governments and shall collaborate with the Regional and Local governments.
It shall approve Regional and Local governments legislation where the implementation of National law so requires.
It may raise objections against treaties amongst the Cantons, or between Regional governments and foreign countries.
It shall ensure the implementation of National law, Regional and Local governments constitutions, and inter-Regional or inter-Local governments.
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AND NATIONAL ADMINISTRATION
ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURE
The executive power shall be vested in a President of the Nation-state of Agaiazian. He shall hold his office during the term of Six years be elected, as follows:
The President shall be commander in chief of the Army of the Nation-State of Agaiazian and reserve army, when called into the actual service of the Nation-State of Agaiazian; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the Nation-State of Agaiazian, except in cases of impeachment.
The President of the Nation-State shall appoint the Prime Minister. He shall terminate the appointment of the Prime Minister when the latter tenders the resignation of the Government.
On the recommendation of the Prime Minister, he shall appoint the other members of the Government and terminate their appointments.
The President of the nation state shall preside over the Council of Ministers.
The President of the nation state shall ensure due respect for the Constitution. He shall ensure, by his arbitration, the proper functioning of the public authorities and the continuity of the State.
He shall from time to time give to the Parliament information of the state of the of The Nation State, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them, with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the Nation-State of Agaiazian.
The President, all his political appointees in the government of Agaiazian, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanours.
Relationship between the National, Regional, and Local
Tasks of the National, Regional, and Local Governments
Tasks of the National Government
Tasks of the Regional and Local Government
The Regional and Local shall define the tasks which they shall accomplish within the framework of their powers.
COOPERATION BETWEEN THE NATIONAL, THE REGIONAL AND THE LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
PRINCIPLES
The National, Regional and Local shall collaborate, and shall support each other in the fulfillment of their tasks.
They owe each other mutual consideration and support. They shall grant each other administrative and judicial assistance.
Disputes between National and Regional, or between national, or Regional and Local, Between Regional or between Local shall, to the extent possible, be resolved through negotiation or mediation.
PARTICIPATION IN NATIONAL DECISION-MAKING
In the cases foreseen by the National Constitution, the Regional shall participate in the decision-making process on the federal level, in particular in federal legislation.
The National shall inform the Regional timely and fully of its plans; it shall consult them if their interests are affected.
IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL LAW
The Regions and Locals governments shall implement National law in conformity with the Constitution and the statute.
The National government shall leave the Regions and Locals governments as large a space of action as possible and shall take their particularities into account.
The National government shall take into account the financial burden that is associated with implementing federal law by leaving sufficient sources of financing to the Cantons, and by ensuring an equitable financial equalization.
The National government will enforce national laws in Regional Administration by itself.
AUTONOMY OF THE REGIONAL AND LOCAL ADMINISTRATIONS
The National government shall respect the autonomy of the Regions and Locals governments.
INTER-REGIONS OR LOCALS TREATIES
The Regions or Local governments may enter into inter-Regional or Local treaties and may create common organizations under these circumstances. They may join forces to fulfill tasks of regional or local interest.
The National government may participate in such organizations or institutions within the limits of its powers.
Inter-Regional or Local treaties may not be contrary to the law or the interests of the National government, nor to the rights of other Regions or Locals. The National government must be notified of such treaties.
SUPREMACY OF AND RESPECT FOR NATIONAL LAW
National law takes precedence over contrary Regional and Local law.
National government shall ensure that the Regions and Locals respect national law.
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
REGIONAL AND LOCAL ADMINISTRATION CONSTITUTIONS
Every Regional and Local administration shall adopt a democratic constitution. The Regional and Local administration constitution must be approved by the people and must be subject to revision if a majority of the people so require.
The Regional and Local administration constitutions must be guaranteed by the National government. The National government shall grant this guarantee if the constitutions are not contrary to national law.
CONSTITUTIONAL ORDER
The National government shall protect the constitutional order of the Regional and Local governments.
The National government shall intervene if the inner order of a Regional or Local administration is disturbed
CHAPTER FOUR
POWERS
RELATIONS WITH FOREIGN COUNTRIES
FOREIGN RELATIONS
Foreign Relations are a national government matter.
The National government shall strive to preserve the independence, security and stability of the Nation-state of Agaiazian and its welfare; it shall contribute to alleviating need and poverty in the Horn of Africa, and the preservation of natural resources.
It shall take into consideration the powers of the regional governments and shall protect their interests.
PARTICIPATION OF THE REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS IN DECISIONS OF FOREIGN POLICY
The Regional governments shall participate in the preparation of decisions of foreign policy which concern their powers or their essential interests.
The National government shall inform the regional governments timely and fully and consult them.
The position of the National government shall have weight when their powers are concerned. In these cases, the Regional shall participate in international negotiations as appropriate.
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES
The Regional governments may conclude treaties with foreign countries within the scope of their powers.
These treaties may not be contrary to the law nor to the interests of the National government nor to the laws of other Regional. Before concluding a treaty, the Regional governments must inform the National government.
The National governments may deal directly with lower ranking foreign authorities; in other cases, the relations of the Regional government with foreign countries shall be conducted by the National government acting on their behalf.
Chapter Five 5
MONETARY, FISCAL AND AUDIT
MONETARY POLICY AUTHORITY
Monetary policy and regulating banks and financial markets is the sole authority of the National Monetary Authority. As an independent Monetary Policy Authority, MPA shall follow a monetary policy which serves the general interest of the country; it shall be administered with cooperation and under the supervision of the National Parliament. MPA has exclusive right to coin money and to issue bank notes.
Its objective is to:
secure fast economic growth by managing the exchange rate.
secure price stability.
create a trustworthy financial market.
To develop and manage digital and print currency and infrastructure.
secure fair and balance access to credit and financial services to all regions and locals’ populations and businesses.
Provide current and saving account service to all citizens and businesses.
50% of the NMA profit shall be divided among Regional and Local governments.
MPA shall create sufficient monetary reserves from its profits; a part of these reserves shall be held in gold.
NMA will have seven Board of Governors that will govern the National Monetary Authority. It will have nine members who will be appointed by the President of state by the recommendation of Quality and Integrity Commission, and they will be approved by the senate.
The NMA will have Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) that will set national monetary policy. MPC will have 13 members that who seven board of governors of NMA, Directors of Independent National Banks of Nature Reserve and Heavy Industrial and Agricultural Parks, four from cities INB who will hold revolving seat for one year.
The NMA will have 19 Independent National Banks (INB) called Regional Banks (RINB) who will implement and execute the NMA policies and decisions. Each 17 cities will have one INB, Six Nature Restoration Parks one INB and all Heavy Industrial Parks and Agricultural Parks jointly will have one INB.
The MPA shall have Independent National Banks (INB) called Local Independent National Banks (LINB) Banks in every Local Authority that create credit, provide current and saving account services to all citizens, residents, and businesses.
Regional government director of Economic Development Board, Representative of the regional chamber of commerce, representative Regional Urban planning and development board, representative of International Trade Promotion Board, Regional governor appointee, Regional parliament speaker appointee will be member of Regional Independent National Bank (INB) Board of Governors. The chief executive of regional INB will be appointed by the President through the recommendation of Civil Service Authority and they will be approved by the national senate.
Local government director of Economic Development Board, Representative of the Local chamber of commerce, representative Local Urban planning and development board, Local governor appointee, Local parliament speaker appointee will be member of Local Independent National Bank (LINB) Board of Governors. The chief executive of regional LINB will be appointed by the President through the recommendation of Civil Service Authority and they will be approved by the national senate.
The Independent National Banks of Nature Restoration Parks, Heavy Industrial Parks and Agricultural Parks Board of Governors will be appointed by the President through the recommendation of Civil Service Authority and they will be approved by the national senate.
NATIONAL FISCAL POLICY
National Fiscal policy will be the sole authority of the National Fiscal Board. NFB is an independent institution. As an independent National Fiscal Policy Boar, NFPB shall follow a Fiscal policy which serves the general interest of the country; it shall be administered with the cooperation and under the supervision of the National Parliament. NFB objectives are to:
set up national tax rates and budgets.
create equality among all regions and communities.
create jobs, wealth, and opportunities.
issue debt Locally or internationally,
set up government owned companies to manage all national government property by private management.
develop high standards and transparent government and corporation accounting standards.
manage foreign currencies reserves.
Parliament will set up detailed goals on equality, economic priorities, and growth targets for each year.
Parliament shall give a vote of confidence on the budget.
The national government couldn’t tax more than 15% of the national GDP.
The chairman/chairwoman and the five National Fiscal Authority board members will be appointed by the President through the recommendation of Quality and Integrity Commission, and they will be approved by the senate.
REGIONAL FISCAL POLICY
Regional Fiscal policy is the sole authority of Regional Fiscal Boards. it shall be administered with the cooperation and under the supervision of the Regional Parliament. RFB are autonomous institutions.
It has the authority to:
set up regional tax rates and budgets.
create equality among all its local communities.
create jobs, wealth and opportunities.
issue debt in the Local or international financial market.
The chairman/Chairwoman and the five board members will be appointed by the regional governor by the recommendation of the Quality and Integrity Commission and they will be approved by the regional parliament.
The regional government shouldn’t collect more than 8% of its regional GDP.
The regional parliament will set up detailed goals and economic priorities.
LOCAL FISCAL AUTHORITY
Local Fiscal policy is the sole authority of Local Fiscal Boards. it shall be administered with the cooperation and under the supervision of the Local Parliament. RFB are independent institutions.
It has the authority to:
set up regional tax rates and budgets.
create equality among all its local communities.
create jobs, wealth, and opportunities.
issue debt in the Local or international financial market.
The chairman/Chairwoman and the five board members will be appointed by the Local governor by the recommendation of the Quality and Integrity Commission and they will be approved by the local parliament.
The regional government shouldn’t collect more than 8% of its regional GDP.
The regional parliament will set up detailed goals and economic priorities.
INLAND REVENUE AUTHORITY
Inland Revenue Authority is an independent institution that collects and enforce taxes and penalties decided or imposed by National, Regional, Local governments Fiscal Authorities and all level Courts decisions enforcer.
It can collect bills of private companies or can enforce legal court approved contracts of individuals or companies if it is hired.
Inland Revenue Authority shall strive to be efficient and effective by adopting a digital system.
The Inland Revenue Authority shall be administered with cooperation and under the supervision of the National Parliament. The chief executive and executive chairman/Chairwoman and the five board members of National Monetary Authority will be appointed by the President by the recommendation of Quality and Integrity Commission and they will be approved by the senate.
CIVIL SERVICE AUTHORITY (CSA)
Civil Service Authority is an independent institution that has sole authority that recommend promotion of officers to civil service senior management ranks for the appointment of officers to National, Regional and Local parliaments.
CSA shall work attract and nurture talent who have leadership potential for the Public Service through the CSA Scholarships.
CSA oversees disciplinary proceedings in the Public Service and ensures that officers with cases of misconduct are treated fairly and consistently.
Public services are considered under this area.
A, the Agaiazian Armed Forces
B, the Agaiazian Civil Service.
D, the Agaiazian Police Forces.
5, There will be separate CSA commissions for education and legal services.
CSA shall be administered with cooperation and under the supervision of the National Parliament. The chief executive and executive chairman/Chairwoman and the five board members of CSA will be appointed by the President by the recommendation of CSA and they will be approved by the senate.
Before assuming the duties of his office, the Chairman and every other member of the CSA shall take and subscribe before the Chief Justice or some other Judge of the Supreme Court the appropriate Oath for the due execution of his office in the form set out in the First Schedule.
NATIONAL GENERAL AUDIT AUTHORITY (NGAA)
The National Audit Authority is an independent institution that has authority to audit national government institutions including the president’s office. NGAA shall be administered with the cooperation and under the supervision of the National Parliament.
It must carry out its auditing every year.
NGAA can carry its task by in house auditors or if necessary, by hiring external Licensed auditors.
It will report its auditing to the board of the audit institution, Excellence, Merit and Integrity Board (EMIB), national parliament and president office.
Any fraud must be reported to the National Crime Investigation Authority.
The chief executive and executive chairman/Chairwoman and the five board members of NGAA will be appointed by the President through the recommendation of CSA and they will be approved by the senate.
REGIONAL GENERAL AUDIT AUTHORITY
The Regional Audit Authority is an independent institution that has authority to audit regional government institutions including the governor’s palace. RNGAA shall be administered with the cooperation and under the supervision of the National Parliament.
It must carry out its auditing every year.
RAA can carry out its task by in-house auditors or by hiring external Licensed auditors.
It will report its auditing to the board of the audit institution, Excellence, Merit and Integrity Board (EMIB), regional parliament and governor’s palace.
Any fraud must be reported to the National Crime Investigation Authority.
The chairman/chairwoman and the five board members will be appointed by the regional governor by the recommendation of Excellence, Merit and Integrity Board (EMIB) and they will be approved by the regional parliament.
LOCAL GENERAL AUDIT AUTHORITY
The Local Audit Authority has authority to audit local government institutions including the local governor palace. LGAA shall be administered with cooperation and under the supervision of the National Parliament.
It must carry out its auditing every year.
LGAA can carry out its task by in house auditors or by hiring external Licensed auditors.
It will report its auditing to the board of the audit institution, Excellence, Merit and Integrity Board (EMIB) Local parliament and governor palace.
Any fraud must be reported to the National Crime Investigation Authority.
The chairman/Chairwoman and the five board members will be appointed by the local governor by the recommendation of Excellence, Merit and Integrity Board (EMIB) and they will be approved by local parliament.
CHAPTER SIX 6
CHAPTER SIX
SUPREME COURT AND JUDICIAL AUTHORITIES
NATIONAL SUPREME COURT AND OTHER JUDICIAL AUTHORITIES
POSITION OF NATIONAL SUPREME COURT
The National Supreme Court is the highest National judicial authority.
Its organization and its procedure shall be regulated by statute.
The National Supreme Court shall provide for its own administration.
JURISDICTION OF NATIONAL SUPREME COURT
The National Supreme Court shall have jurisdiction over violations of:
National law.
public international law.
inter-Regional and Local administrations law.
Regional and Local administrations constitutional rights.
autonomy of municipalities, and other guarantees granted by the Local governments to public corporate bodies.
federal and cantonal provisions and political rights.
It shall judge public law disputes between the National government and the Regional governments or amongst locals or Regionals.
The statute may provide for further grounds for jurisdiction of the National Supreme Court.
Enactments of the National Parliament and of the National Government cannot be challenged before the National Supreme Court. Exceptions may be provided for by statute.
APPLICABLE LAW
The National Supreme Court and the other authorities applying the law shall follow the National statutes and international law.
ACCESS TO NATIONAL SUPREME COURT
Legislation shall guarantee access to the National Supreme Court.
For disputes that do not concern a legal question of fundamental importance, it may provide for a threshold sum.
For certain subject matters access to the National Supreme Court may be excluded by statute.
For manifestly unjustified complaints the statute may provide for a simplified procedure.
FURTHER NATIONAL JUDICIAL AUTHORITIES
The National government shall provide for a National criminal court which shall judge as a trial court criminal cases that are subject by statute to National jurisdiction. The statute may provide for further grounds for jurisdiction of the National Criminal Court.
The National government shall provide for National judicial authorities to judge disputes of public law arising within the administrative jurisdiction of the National Administration.
Further National judicial authorities may be established by statute.
REGIONAL JUDICIAL AUTHORITIES
The Regional administrations shall establish local judicial authorities to judge civil and public law disputes and criminal cases.
LOCAL JUDICIAL AUTHORITIES
The Local administrations shall establish local judicial authorities to judge civil and public law disputes and criminal cases.
They may establish common judicial authorities.
INDEPENDENCE OF THE JUDICIARY
All judicial authorities shall be independent in their judicial activity and bound by law only.
THE PRIME MINISTER
The Prime Minister shall direct the actions of the Government.
He shall coordinate the independent authorities and ministries.
He shall be responsible for national defense.
He shall ensure the implementation of legislation.
On the recommendation of Civil Services Authority, he shall appointments to civil and military posts.
He may delegate certain of his powers to Ministers.
He shall deputize, if the case arises, for the President of the Nation-State as chairman of the councils and committees referred to in article 15.
He may, in exceptional cases, deputize for him as chairman of a meeting of the Council of Ministers by virtue of an express delegation of powers for a specific agenda.
Chapter Seven 7
CHAPTER SEVEN
POLICE FORCE, ATTORNEY GENERAL, IMMIGRATION
REGIONAL POLICE FORCE
Regional Police Force is an independent institution. RPF shall be administered with cooperation and under the supervision of the National Parliament. It’s objectives.
Take crime preventative actions and investigate any crimes and corruptions.
The police commanders will be appointed by their prospective governors by the recommendation of Excellence, Merit and Integrity Board (EMIB) and they will be appointed by region governor and approved by their parliament.
LOCAL POLICE FORCE
The Local Police Force is an independent institution. LPF shall be administered with cooperation and under the supervision of the Local Parliament. It’s objectives.
To prevent, deter and detect, to ensure the safety and security of the local administration.
The police commanders will be appointed by their prospective governors by the recommendation of Excellence, Merit and Integrity Board (EMIB) and they will be appointed by local parliament and approved by the local governor. It can be approved without the governor if he/she obtains 65 % of the local parliament select committee supporting votes.
NATIONAL ATTORNEY GENERAL
The National Attorney General is an independent institution that prevents, deters and detect corruption and crime to ensure social trust on institution and society. It has power investigate and prosecute anyone (except the President) who broke the national law in national courts. It shall be administered with cooperation and under the supervision of the National Parliament.
To defend the national government in courts when the national government sued.
The National Attorney general and head of the regional offices will be appointed by the president by the recommendation of Excellence, Merit and Integrity Board (EMIB) and they will be approved by the senate.
REGIONAL ATTORNEY GENERAL
The Regional Attorney General is an independent institution that prevents, deters and detect corruption and crime to ensure social trust on institution and society. It has the power to investigate and prosecute anyone who broke the national law in national courts. It shall be administered with cooperation and under the supervision of the Regional Parliament.
To defend national/regional governments courts when the regional government sued.
The Regional Attorney General head will be appointed by regional parliament on the recommendation of Civil Service Authority, and he will be approved by the regional governor. It can be approved without the governor if he/she obtains 65 % of the local parliament supporting votes.
LOCAL ATTORNEYS GENERAL
The Local Attorney General is an independent institution that prevents, deters and detects corruption and crime to ensure social trust in the institution and society. It has the power to investigate and prosecute anyone who broke the national law in national courts. It shall be administered with cooperation and under the supervision of the Local Parliament.
To defend the local government in courts when the Local government sued.
The local Attorney general will be Recommended by the Excellence, Merit and Integrity Board (EMIB) and selected/appointed by Local parliament and approval by local governor. It can be approved without the governor if he/she obtains 65% of the local parliament supporting votes.
IMMIGRATION
Issuing entry and exit visa is the sole authority of the national government immigration authority. National government shall have daily statistics who is in, out and staying in the country.
Issuing work, Residential, student etc permits is sole authority of local governments.
Any immigrant shall seek new permits to live in other local administration. Each Local governments can legislate for how long immigrants can stay without permit.
The national and local governments shall legislate laws and shall have independent immigration tribunal/courts that will see appeals.
The national and local governments shall aspire to foster trust by creating transparent, effective and efficient immigration institutions.
The national and local government shall attract immigrants by providing efficient, dignified, safe and high standard services and living at affordable price.
Chapter Eight 8
CHAPTER EIGHT
MINISTRIES, INDEPENDENT BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS
SAVING AND INVESTMENT FUND
Our Saving and Investment Funds will be set up at a National, Regional or Local government levels as Sovereigns Funds to serve as investment fund in the jurisdictions.
PENSION FUND
Pension Funds in institutions that will be set up at a local government level to save money for retirement and housing purchases.
HOUSING BOARD
Housing Board is local government owned company that will setup to built and manage residential and commercial building for its citizens.
MINISTRIES
The ministries’ objective is to implement the president or ruling party policies. Their decision has to be approved by the president or prime minister. The ministries will be led by political appointees and their daily work will be regulated and monitored by parliament. The minister shall be a citizen. Every ministry shall have a professional chief executive who is accountable to the minister. The chief executive can be non-citizen or citizen. Ministers will be appointed by the prime minister based on consultations with the president and they will be approved by a parliamentary committee.
STATUTORY BOARDS
The statutory boards are organizations that have been given an autonomy to perform an operational function by legal statues passed as Acts by parliament. The statutes define the purpose, rights, and powers of its authority. Statutory boards will report specifically and only to the ministry. It is possible any ministry can have many statutory boards.
INDEPENDENT BOARD
The Independent Boards will get specific goals with clearly stated purpose in the constitution in order to be administered independently but they be administered with cooperation and under the supervision of the National Parliament. The Independent Boards will not be micromanaged by politicians.
The Independent Board are mainly about making economic management long term, strategic and professional, in order to be competitive, efficient, fair and free from political corruption and unnecessary bureaucracy.
It will also operate independently for long-term goals. They will be run by Professionals who can be non-citizens.
INDEPENDENT BOARS OF THE AGAIAZIAN STATE AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
Monetary Authority
Fiscal Authority
Environmental Authority
Education Authority
Healthcare Authority
Civil Service Authority
Economic Development Authority
Urban Planning and Development Authority
Investment Fund
Pension Fund
Housing Board
COMMISSIONS
Commissions are organizations that have been given autonomy to perform an operational function by legal statues passed as Acts by parliament. The statutes define the purpose, rights, and powers of authority. Statutory boards will report to parliament. They will be run by professionals who are recruited by merits and can be non-citizens.
Chapter Nine 9
CHAPTER NINE
EDUCATION, RESEARCH, AND CULTURE
EDUCATIONAL POLICY BOARD EPB
EPB oversees educational policies, developing curriculums, supervising schools and teachers, building schools, raising funds and preparing national exams. As an independent Education Policy Board, EDB, they shall follow an Education policy which serves the general interest of the country; it shall be administered with cooperation and under the supervision of the National Parliament.
Schools, technical universities, universities can be managed by nonprofit or for-profit foundations.
Nurseries, Schools, technical universities, and universities foundations can be established by social entrepreneurs, national, regional, and local governments, or foreign funds.
Every educational institution must manage transparently, independently, professionally, competently, and accountably to parents and local government.
Every school should have scientific laboratories, library, sport, music, drama, debating, painting, and cafeteria facilities.
Teaching must be well paid and privileged and excellence of profession.
EDB has the power to regulate and monitor every educational institution.
Social science curriculum that will be taught in every educational institution must be approved by EDB.
Local government will fund student fees either through taxation, contribution, or other revenues.
The National government may grant subsidies to the Local governments, schools, extracurricular work, technical universities, and universities for the expenses that they may incur for scholarships and for other assistance towards education.
It may, moreover, complement Local administration measures while respecting Local administration autonomy in educational fund matters, and take its own measures to encourage education.
The chairman/chairwoman and the seven board members will be appointed by the president by the recommendation of Quality and Integrity Commission and they will be approved by the senate.
NATIONAL HEALTHCARE BOARD NHB
NHB is the sole authority in healthcare policies and regulating hospitals, clinics, healthcare professionals, healthcare insurance. As an independent National Healthcare Board, NHB they shall follow a Healthcare policy which serves the general interest of the country; it shall be administered with cooperation and under the supervision of the National Parliament.
Hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and other healthcare services providers can be managed by non-profit or for-profit foundations.
Funds establish and run Hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and other healthcare providers can be obtained and raised from foreign, national, regional, local governments or individual funds.
Local government will fund their citizen’s healthcare insurance through taxation, contribution, or other revenues.
The National government may grant subsidies to the Local governments, hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and other healthcare providers.
NHB will set up an autonomous Healthcare Insurance Company. Private companies can sell medical insurance too.
NHB will set up autonomous centralized Healthcare Digital Data system.
The chairman/chairwoman and the seven board members will be appointed by the president by the recommendation of Quality and Integrity Commission and they will be approved by the senate.
RESEARCH
The National and regional government shall encourage scientific research.
It may make its support conditional upon taking coordination measures.
National or regional government may create, take over, or operate research institutions.
STATISTICS
The National government shall collect the necessary statistical data on the status and evolution of the population, the economy, the society, the territory, and the environment in the State of Agaiazian.
To facilitate the collection of data, it may legislate on harmonizing and keeping official registers.
Governmental bodies, companies, nonprofits, Citizen’s tax etc accounting record shall be public online.
School, university, hospital, judicial courts records shall be made public online.
SPORT
The National and Local governments shall promote sport by setting up sport clubs.
Clubs can be owned only by local administrations and their citizens through membership or shareholding.
80% of players in any sport club must be locals.
It may legislate on youth sport, and sport education in school’s compulsory.
CULTURE
The field of culture is a nation a matter.
The National may support cultural activities of national interest, and encourage art and music, in the field of education.
The President and governors of Regional and Local governments shall sponsor artists and cultural institution.
National Government shall support Minority artists and cultural institutions.
Local and regional governments can promote local and regional sense of identity, belonging and pride through social solidarity, local or regional achievements, sport and arts.
LANGUAGES
The national government should create Language institute to develop one national language by combining Ge'ez, Tigrigna, and Tigre.
Education at all levels should be provided by national language.
National and Regional governments should support Minority to develop their language.
English language should have educated in all schools.
French, Mandarin Chinese, Spanish, Arabic, German, Portuguese, Russian, Korean, Swedish, Hebrew and Japanese shall be learned in selected schools.
FILM
The National government may encourage Agaiazian film production and film culture generally.
It may legislate to encourage the variety and quality of cinematographic works offered.
PRIESTHOOD AND STATE
The regulation of the relationship between church and state is a local, regional, and national matter.
The national, regional, and local may, within the framework of their powers, take measures to maintain public peace between the members of the various religious communities.
All educational institutions will teach religion.
All religious minorities have right to open state funded religious educational institution.
PRIESTHOOD
Oritism is the base of our philosophy way of life, laws, values, and national cultural identity.
The priesthood will be independent of the nation-state institutions from the executive and judiciary of the government.
The high priest and the leadership board can serve up to age of 85 and they are health, and they will have elected democratically by priesthood community.
The priesthood as an institution and its universities and colleges will be supported financially by the national governments.
The high priest will appoint regional and local head priest.
Local governments, parishioners, army, schools, and other government institutions etc. will build and own prayer facilities and they will have right to hire qualified priests to serve them and to dismiss incompetent or corrupt priest.
Every family or individual has right to have private priest as spiritual adviser or counselor.
Priests have unrestricted right to give confidential spiritual or counseling services in prison or hospital.
The priesthood shall have its own tribunal for priest misbehaves.
National, Regional and Local governments will fund their perspective religious branches.
All priesthood finances must be on time audited and must be transparent for the public.
Chapter Ten 10
CHAPTER TEN
ENVIRONMENT AND ZONING
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND DEVELOPMENT BOARD EPDB
EPDB has sole responsibility for environmental policies, implementation, and regulations. EPDB is independent. As an independent Environment Protection and Development Board, EPDB they shall follow an environmental policy which serves the general interest of the country; it shall be administered with the cooperation and under the supervision of the National Parliament.
Its goals are to:
establish a durable equilibrium between nature, in particular its capacity to renew itself, and its use by man.
to develop and implement carbon neutral industrialization and technological strategy and policy.
research and develop long term and sustainable environmental strategy.
develop and monitor energy efficiency in everything.
develop and monitor water efficiency in everything.
develop, implement, and monitor parks/forest projects.
develop, implement, and monitor water and waste recycling.
raise money for environmental projects.
educate and campaign about the environment and prepare curriculum for school’s environment.
ZONING
The National government shall establish principles on zoning.
National government will Zoning the country to Regional, Local, Rural Counties, National Parks, Army Zones.
Regional government will Zoning heavy industrial and Parks within its territory.
Local governments shall be zoning religious family’s residencies, business and tourist areas. The zoning shall serve to achieve protecting local communities and an appropriate and moderate use of the land and its ordered inhabitation.
The National government shall encourage and coordinate the efforts of the Regional and Local administrations and shall collaborate with them.
In fulfilling their tasks, the National government and the Regional and Local Administration shall take the needs of zoning into account.
FISHERY AND HUNTING
The National government shall establish principles on the exercise of fishery and hunting, in particular to preserve multiplicity of fish, game, and birds.
PROTECTION OF ANIMALS
The National government shall legislate on the protection of animals.
It shall regulate in particular:
the keeping and care of animals.
experiments and intervention on live animals.
the use of animals.
the importation of animals and animal products.
trade in animals and transportation of animals.
the slaughter of animals.
The National government regulations shall be implemented by the Local governments, insofar as the statute does not reserve this for the National government.
AGRICULTURE
The National government shall ensure that agriculture contributes substantially by way of a sustainable and market-oriented production.
to the secure supply of the population.
to the conservation of national resources and the upkeep of rural scenery.
to a decentralized inhabitation of the country.
In addition to the measures of self-help that may reasonably be expected from agriculture and, if necessary, in derogation of the principle of economic freedom, the National government shall promote farms cultivating the land.
It shall conceive the measures in such a way that agriculture may fulfill its multiple functions. Its powers and tasks shall particularly be the following:
It shall complement agricultural revenues by direct payments, to secure a fair and adequate remuneration for the services rendered, provided that compliance with ecological requirements is proven.
It shall promote, by way of economic incentives, forms of production which are particularly close to nature and friendly to the environment and the animals.
It shall legislate on the declaration of origin, quality, production and processing methods for foodstuffs.
It shall protect the environment against pollution due to excessive use of fertilizers, chemicals and other auxiliary substances.
It may encourage agricultural research, counseling, and education, and subsidize investments.
It may legislate on the consolidation of rural property.
To these ends it shall invest dedicated funds from the agricultural field and general national funds.
PUBLIC WORKS AND TRANSPORTATION
PUBLIC WORKS
In the interest of State of Agaiazian or a large part of the country, the National government may build and operate public works, or promote the realization of such works.
ROAD TRAFFIC
The National government shall legislate on road traffic.
It exercises high supervision over roads of national importance; it may determine which transit roads must remain open to traffic.
The use of public roads shall be free. The National Parliament may authorize exceptions.
NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AND RAILWAYS
The National government shall ensure the construction of a network of national highways and Railways and the utilization of these highways and railways.
The Regional government shall build and maintain their national highways according to the rules established by the National government and under its high supervision.
The National and the Regional governments shall bear the costs of the national highways and Railways jointly. The costs to be borne by each Regions shall be allocated by considering the burden falling on them due to the national highways and Railways, their interest in these highways and Railways, and their financial resources.
Chapter Eleven 11
CHAPTER ELEVEN
ENERGY AND COMMUNICATION
ECONOMY
NATIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BOARD NEDB
EDB is an autonomous institution who in charge of economic research and development, as an independent Economic Development Board, EDB they shall follow a development policy which serves the general interest of the country; it shall be administered with the cooperation and under the supervision of the National Parliament and investment promoter.
Its objectives are to:
develop and research national projects.
promote our nation state as an investment center.
coordinate regional economic developments.
act as one stop shop for businesses.
set up national urban planning and development autonomous institutions to coordinate and regulate regional urban planning and development.
set up autonomous institutions that plan, develop, and regulate energy, water, IT, Air and Sea Hub Ports.
REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BOARD RED
REDB are autonomous institutions who are in charge of regional economic development and investment promoter.
Their objective is to:
Develop and research regional projects.
promote their region as investment centers.
create economic clusters.
act one stop shop for business.
STRUCTURAL POLICY
Chapter Tweleve 12
CHAPTER TWELEVE
HOUSING, WORK, SOCIAL SECURITY AND HEALTH
PROMOTION OF CONSTRUCTION AND OWNERSHIP OF HOUSING
The Local governments shall encourage the construction and the ownership of housing for private persons own use, and the activity of developers and organizations for social housing.
It shall promote the acquisition and development of land, the efficiency of construction, and the reduction of construction and housing costs.
National government shall support local governments housing building projects if it is necessary.
National government may legislate on construction standard and housing energy efficiency.
In fulfilling this task, it shall, in particular, consider the interests of big families and elderly, needy, and disabled persons.
LANDLORD AND TENANT
The Regional governments shall issue regulations against abuses in the field of landlord and tenant, particularly against abusive rent, on avoiding abusive notices of termination, and on the limited extension of tenancies.
It may legislate to confer generally binding effect on general contracts between landlords and ten ants. Contracts may become generally binding only if they take fairly into account justified minority interests and regional differences and respect the principle of equality before the law.
LABOR
The Regional parliaments may legislate on:
the protection of employees.
the relationship between employees and employers, in particular the common regulation of matters concerning an enterprise or a trade.
Saturday is a paid day of rest.
SOCIAL SECURITY
Social security is Local government matter.
The local government shall guarantee basic income according to family size and the local government economic ability.
The Local government shall take measures for an adequate social security for the elderly, survivors, and disabled persons.
The Local governments shall have legislated individuals to save part of their wage for retirement, buying house, and for insurance policies.
The Local workers’ savings shall be managed by The Local Saving and Investment Fund.
Maternity leave is Local government matter.
Paying for education vouchers and healthcare insurance is Local government matter.
PROTECTION OF HEALTH
Within the limits of its powers, the National government shall take measures for the protection of health.
It shall legislate on:
the use of foodstuffs and of therapeutics, drugs, organisms, chemicals, and objects which may be dangerous to health.
fighting contagious, widespread, or particularly dangerous human and animal diseases.
protection against ionizing radiation.
RESIDENCE AND DOMICILE OF FOREIGNERS
Legislation on granting and revoking working and residence visa of domicile of foreigners is Local administration matters.
Controlling Agaiazian international border is a national government matter.
Foreigners who endanger Agaiazian peace and security may be removed from Agaiazian by force.
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
CIVIL AND CRIMINAL LAW, WEIGHTS, AND MEASURES
CIVIL LAW
Parliament shall draft civil and criminal laws that is affordable and accessible for all citizens by adopting the best ones from Common Law and Civil Law, using arbitration and technology.
Parliament shall draft civil and criminal law that is effective and efficient by adopting the best ones from Common Law and Civil Law.
Legislation in the field of civil law and civil procedure is a national matter.
The organization of the judiciary and civil justice are Regional and Local matters unless otherwise provided by statute.
CRIMINAL LAW
Legislation in the field of criminal law and criminal procedure is a national matter.
The organization of the judiciary, criminal justice, and execution of criminal penalties and measures are Local government matters, unless otherwise provided by statute.
The National may grant subsidies to the Regional and Locals administrations for:
the construction of institutions.
the improved carrying out of penalties and measures.
the support of institutions that execute educational measures for children, for young people and for young adults.
AID TO VICTIMS OF CRIMINAL ACTS
The Regional and the Local governments shall ensure that the victims of criminal acts against the corporal, mental, or sexual integrity receive assistance and appropriate compensation if, as a consequence of the criminal act, they suffer financial difficulties.
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES
Legislation on weights and measures is a national matter.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM
POPULAR INITIATIVE FOR NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND LOCAL CONSTITUTION AMENDMENTS
10% voters of three quarter of Local Administration entitled to vote may propose a total revision of the National Constitution.
This proposal shall be submitted to the vote of the People for its approval.
If an initiative does not respect the principle of unity of form, the principle of unity of subject matter, or mandatory rules of international laws and treaties, the National Parliament shall declare the initiative invalid, in whole or in part.
There is no public initiative and referendum on Government Independent institutions who make decisions on data without political consideration.
Any proposal to be approved by referendum with over 60% vote by registered voters.
RECALLS OF ELECTED
Anyone can recall its elected Regional and Local governor if it collected 15% of the voters’ signature within 90 days.
Anyone can recall its elected representative in National, Regional and Local parliaments if it collected 15% of the voters' signatures within 90 days.
Definition:
NATION
A nation is a group of people who have the same identity, history, language, values, traditions etc with no blood ties. Tigrinya is the only people organized as a nation in Eritrea. Tigrinya nation is not a race; it is a civilizational nation.
TRIBES
Tribe is a group of people consisting of communities linked by blood ties with a common culture and dialects.
CLAN
Clan is a group of people consisting of families linked by blood ties with common culture and dialects.
NATIONALISM
Nationalism is a believe system on nation states’ sovereignty. We believe in Tigrigna civic nationalism. Ge'ez/Tigrigna/Tigre is a civilization. Ge'ez/Tigrigna/Tigre is not a race. Anyone who speaks, writes, thinks, behave, practice and act proudly Ge'ez/Tigrigna/Tigre language and culture, Orit religion and Orit and values and traditions, our history and our landscape and Red Sea is a Ge'ez/Tigrigna/Tigre nationalist.